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Centrifugal Pumps - Most pumps are centrifugal
type that use a rotating impeller to add velocity to
the liquid being pumped. Within the pump, the velocity
of the liquid is generated by centrifugal force. Pressure
is usually rated in feet of head for centrifugal
pumps. This type of pump is used for liquids that are
water like in viscosity (thickness), when quantities
of flow are large compared to the pressure requirements.
Horizontal Pumps - These pump are mounted in
a horizontal direction with the motor. They may be centrifugal
or positive displacement. They require a seal to prevent
the pumping solution from leaking past the rotating
shaft. Shaft sealing can be of packing, mechanical seal,
or magnetic driven.
Vertical Pumps - These pumps are mounted in
a vertical direction -- usually in or over the supply
tank. The shaft sealing is normally a restrictive bushing
that will limit the leakage up the shaft or may use
a second impeller (expeller) to prevent solution migration
up the rotating shaft. Magnetic driven - seal-less pumps
are also available in this type of pump.
Submersible Pumps - These pumps are mounted
in the tank with the solution. The motor is normally
contained in an oil filled cavity that is protected
for contact with the liquid by a lip or mechanical seal.
They can be designed to pump large solids or grind solids
to smaller sizes, transfer waste water at large flow
rates or high pressures, or just pick up water off the
floor or the bottom of a tank. Often called sump pumps,
they usually incorporate a float valve to automatically
stop when the liquid level is low. Most submersible
pump are centrifugal type.
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